Abstract

Domestic work has gendered meaning and content of both masculinity and femininity is strongly embedded in the cultural context. In our article, across three studies we analyse the perception of household duties and their division between partners in two countries differing with regard to gender equality levels: Norway and Poland. In our Study 1, Polish (N = 64, 40 women, M_years = ) and Norwegian (N = 45, 27 women, M_age = ) students rated the typicality of domestic duties for women and men in Poland and in Norway. Our results show that feminine-typed or masculine-typed household duties are perceived as less gendered in Norway than in Poland. In the second Study, using a sample consisting of students and internet users from Poland (N = 207, 92 women, M_age = ) and Norway (N = 126, 85 women, M_age = (SD = ), we investigated whether there are Polish-Norwegian differences with regard to willingness to be more involved in household obligations. Overall, Norwegian men and women were more willing to perform household tasks. This result also found confirmation in results obtained with larger representative samples in Study 3. Using European Social Survey records of 889 Poles (429 women, M_age = ) and 990 Norwegians (452 women, M_age = ) we compared data concerning men’s and women’s perception of their and their partners’ contribution to housework. Our results show that cultural context can relate to the perception of household duties that are perceived more gender-neutral in Norway than in Poland.

Inclusion

Men around the countries is under some pressure to help you adhere to norms eg due to the fact department, dominance, quest for higher social status, and you may first and foremost cures off womanliness (Berent mais aussi al. 2015; Mahalik ainsi que al. 2003). And this are a part of residential tasks are not said to be a beneficial man’s employment but an effective female’s occupations, hence guys should not engage in (Poortman and Van der Lippe 2009; Bosson and you may Vandello 2013). The brand new extent to which housework is equally divided between women and guys depends on the amount of gender equality when you look at the a given nation. Inside the places which have large levels of gender equality, visitors create significantly more similar positions on neighborhood and you may it is more widespread for males are focused on home-based works compared to countries getbride.org bulmak with straight down gender equivalence (Glick & Fiske, 2001; Timber and you can Eagly 2012). Because posited because of the biosocial design design, social thinking about gender spots correspond with man’s observations of your own activities of women and you will men inside their society, hence if the people observe women looking after pupils and you may starting home errands chances are they feel that women are alot more ideal for starting home-based really works than just guys (Eagly and you will Steffen 1984; Wood and you can Eagly 2012). Such gender character inferences, subsequently, promote sex-classified decisions that is and additionally manifested inside ladies and men’s readiness and you may obligation getting employed in residential functions – medical findings usually show that aside from gender equivalence amounts of the nation, extremely house bargaining looks like with feminine being alot more guilty of cleaning (Coltrane 2000; Ehrenberg mais aussi al. 2001; Fuwa 2004).

Discrepancy ranging from men’s room and you will ladies show inside home tasks constitutes a beneficial obvious gender gap on the family relations. It pit try particularly noticeable when work is categorized into the masculine-authored and female-typed housework (Schneider 2012). Predicated on Tai and you may Treas (2013), there can be nearly common division off chores on the male-penned (lawn functions, slight solutions) and you can women-blogged performs (e.g. laundry, tidy up, unwell worry) based on studies out of thirty two countries. Aforementioned set of responsibilities consists of chores, which are highly prevented by guys (Treas and you will Tai 2010), because they is recognized as big date-drinking and you may dull, as opposed to male-wrote work such as family repairs, auto repair, grass performs that will be believed significantly more recreational and you will episodic (Bianchi ainsi que al. 2006). Apart from the biosocial framework design (Wood and you can Eagly 2012), a different sort of possible explanation for why men usually refrain from carrying out feminine-authored products is the concern with not considered manly enough. Knob is made like institution and you can a keen anti-femininity mandate hence discourages men is doing work in issues and that is actually women and you may public instance child care and you will home-based works (Bosson and you may Vandello 2013; Caswell et al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka mais aussi al. 2016b; Schneider 2012). Avoiding housework are going to be for this reason one way where men compensate for threats on their masculinity and get away from negative assessment from other people participants exactly who assume dudes becoming manly and avoid feminine employment (Caswell ainsi que al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka mais aussi al. 2016b). This means that, masculine lovers don’t account for adequate share off gendered house debt, which may ensure it is female to get significantly more obvious regarding work b).